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Now Blogging Afresh at Ad Orientem 西儒 - The Western Confucian



Monday, May 22, 2006

Language Breakdown
One of the "laws" of linguistics I was taught in graduate school was that languages become simpler over time. This appears to be taking place in Korean.

Korean has a rich and highly devloped system of terms of address and honorifics. In fact, there is not one word that corresponds neatly to the English pronoun "you." Like Vietnamese, the term of address you use depends on the relationship between speaker and addressee.

Finnish Koreanologist Antti Leppänen takes up this theme posting on an article serial on Korean proper terms of address

Here are excerpts of the article Mr. Leppänen translates:
    Terms of address and reference are breaking down. Among couples terms like oppa [woman's older brother] and appa ("dad") are common, and there are women who call their husband oppa in front of their children. There are also opposing voices. There are also a lot of those who would like to use terms of address and reference correctly but don't know how to, and there are those who know the correct terms but just find it difficult to use them. We print this article serial to show the advisable terms of address and reference....

    Several surveys have shown that 20% of wives in their 20s and 30s call their husband oppa (older brother). On top of that, many called their husband oppa even if he was younger. Many specialists see that the level of the breakdown in the use of terms of address is severe. Especially the bad use (p'agoe) of terms of address in TV dramas has contributed to the breakdown.
Here is what the anthropolgist Mr. Leppänen has to say:
    My own view of this kind of terminology is of course descriptive or even perhaps analytical in some other places than blog notes, as I'm not in a position to give normative advice on these terms like the article serial is doing. These language masters tell not to use ajôssi ("uncle") when referring to one's husband; my task is to note that it is nevertheless used very widely, in certain contexts and among certain kind of people.
While I value the descriptive and analytical approaches used by Mr. Leppänen, as a contrarian and reactionary, it is my task to take the unpopular prescriptive approach. As noted in the Ten Conservative Principles by Russell Kirk, "conservatives very often emphasize the importance of prescription-that is, of things established by immemorial usage, so that the mind of man runneth not to the contrary."

I believe these changes reflect a genuine breakdown in civility and perhaps even of civilization. This is by no means limited to Korean. The situation is far worse in English. Many of my university classmates were completely ignorant of Register, the "subset of a language used for a particular purpose or in a particular social setting."